Cloud Migration & Strategy

AWS vs Azure: A Practical Service Comparison for Engineers

An objective comparison of AWS and Azure services for engineers planning migrations, choosing cloud providers, or upskilling across platforms. Both clouds are equally capable, here's how they map.

29th November 202515 min readAkhil Kakar

The Reality of Cloud Choice

After spending almost a decade in cloud engineering, starting with AWS in its early days and later exploring Azure through personal projects over the past few years, I've come to a simple conclusion: both platforms are remarkably capable. The choice between AWS and Azure often comes down to organisational factors, existing skills, and specific use cases rather than fundamental technical superiority.

đź’ˇ My Perspective

At the end of the day, both AWS and Azure are equally good with the range of services they provide, their global presence, and cost options. The real value lies in understanding how they map to each other and making informed decisions based on your specific requirements.

Whether you're migrating from AWS to Azure, choosing your first cloud provider, or upskilling across platforms, this comparison will help you understand the practical similarities and differences. I'll focus on commonly used services, real world architectures, and actual costs in the Australian market.

🎯 What You'll Learn

  • • Direct service mappings between AWS and Azure
  • • Serverless architecture comparisons with real examples
  • • Practical migration considerations and trade offs
  • • Objective guidance for cloud platform selection

Service by Service Comparison

Here's a comprehensive mapping of commonly used services across both platforms. Each service is grouped by category with direct comparisons, key differences, and links to official documentation.

Important Disclaimer

The key differences mentioned below are based on my personal experience and observations. I may have missed some important details or recent updates. Always refer to the official documentation for the most up‑to‑date features, capabilities, and pricing information.

Compute Services

AWS ServiceAzure EquivalentDescriptionKey Differences
Virtual Machines
Documentation
Virtual machines for general purpose computing workloadsSimilar capabilities; Azure offers more Windows‑optimised instances
Azure Functions
Documentation
Serverless compute for event‑driven applicationsAzure Functions offers more flexible hosting plans
Container Instances/AKS
Documentation
Container orchestration and managementAKS includes more built‑in DevOps integrations

Storage Services

AWS ServiceAzure EquivalentDescriptionKey Differences
Blob Storage
Documentation
Object storage for unstructured dataSimilar features; Azure has tiered storage within same account
Managed Disks
Documentation
Block storage for virtual machinesAzure simplifies disk management with managed disks
Azure Files
Documentation
Managed file storage for cloud or on‑premisesAzure Files offers SMB and NFS protocols

Database Services

AWS ServiceAzure EquivalentDescriptionKey Differences
Azure SQL Database
Documentation
Managed relational database serviceAzure offers serverless SQL with auto‑pause
Cosmos DB
Documentation
NoSQL database for high‑scale applicationsCosmos DB supports multiple APIs including MongoDB
ElastiCache
Documentation
Azure Cache for Redis
Documentation
In‑memory caching serviceBoth support Redis; AWS also offers Memcached

Networking Services

AWS ServiceAzure EquivalentDescriptionKey Differences
Virtual Network
Documentation
Isolated network environmentSimilar concepts; Azure uses different terminology
CloudFront
Documentation
Azure CDN / Front Door
Documentation
Content delivery networkAzure Front Door adds WAF and load balancing
Azure DNS
Documentation
Domain name system serviceRoute 53 offers more advanced routing policies
Load Balancer
Documentation
Distribute traffic across multiple targetsAWS offers ALB, NLB, and GLB variants

Security & Identity Services

AWS ServiceAzure EquivalentDescriptionKey Differences
Azure AD / Entra ID
Documentation
Identity and access managementAzure AD integrates better with Microsoft ecosystem
Key Vault
Documentation
Encryption key managementKey Vault also stores secrets and certificates
Web Application Firewall
Documentation
Web application firewall protectionBoth offer managed rules and custom rule sets

Application Services

AWS ServiceAzure EquivalentDescriptionKey Differences
Queue Storage
Documentation
Message queuing serviceSQS offers FIFO queues; Azure has Service Bus for advanced scenarios
Event Grid
Documentation
Pub/sub messaging serviceEvent Grid offers built‑in filtering and routing
API Gateway
Documentation
API Management
Documentation
API creation and managementAzure APIM includes developer portal out of the box
Communication Services
Documentation
Email sending serviceAzure Communication Services also includes SMS and voice

Monitoring & Management

AWS ServiceAzure EquivalentDescriptionKey Differences
CloudWatch
Documentation
Azure Monitor
Documentation
Monitoring and observabilityAzure Monitor includes Log Analytics workspace
CloudTrail
Documentation
Activity Log
Documentation
Audit and compliance loggingBoth provide comprehensive audit trails
CloudFormation
Documentation
ARM Templates / Bicep
Documentation
Infrastructure as codeBicep offers cleaner syntax than ARM templates

Serverless Architecture Comparison

Real‑World Customer Challenge

The Scenario: A growing e‑commerce company needs to modernise their monolithic application into a scalable, cost‑effective solution. They want to:

  • Handle unpredictable traffic spikes during sales events without over‑provisioning
  • Reduce operational overhead by eliminating server management
  • Pay only for actual usage rather than idle capacity
  • Deliver a fast, globally distributed user experience
  • Implement a modern API‑first architecture for mobile and web clients

The Solution: A serverless architecture that leverages managed services for compute, storage, API management, and databases. Let's see how this would be implemented on both AWS and Azure.

Below is a side‑by‑side comparison showing how the same serverless web application architecture maps across AWS and Azure. Both solutions achieve the same goals using their respective platform services.

AWS Serverless Stack

CloudFront CDN

Global content delivery with edge caching for static assets and API responses

S3 Static Website Hosting

Hosts React/Vue/Angular frontend with automatic scaling and high availability

API Gateway

RESTful API endpoints with authentication, throttling, and request validation

Lambda Functions

Business logic execution with automatic scaling from zero to thousands of requests

DynamoDB

NoSQL database with single‑digit millisecond latency and on‑demand scaling

Key Benefits

  • Mature ecosystem with extensive documentation
  • Lambda supports multiple runtimes and custom containers
  • DynamoDB offers predictable performance at scale

Azure Serverless Stack

Azure CDN / Front Door

Global content delivery with integrated WAF and intelligent routing capabilities

Blob Storage Static Website

Hosts frontend application with built‑in versioning and lifecycle management

API Management

Enterprise API gateway with developer portal, analytics, and policy management

Azure Functions

Event‑driven compute with flexible hosting plans including consumption and premium

Cosmos DB

Multi‑model database with global distribution and multiple consistency levels

Key Benefits

  • Integrated with Microsoft ecosystem and Azure AD
  • Functions offer Durable Functions for stateful workflows
  • Cosmos DB supports multiple APIs including MongoDB and Cassandra

Architecture Insights

Similarities

  • Both architectures are fully serverless with automatic scaling
  • Pay‑per‑use pricing models reduce costs during low traffic
  • Global CDN distribution for optimal performance
  • Managed services eliminate infrastructure maintenance

Key Differences

  • Azure APIM includes built‑in developer portal and analytics
  • AWS Lambda has more mature tooling and community support
  • Cosmos DB offers more database API options than DynamoDB
  • Azure Functions support premium plans for consistent performance

Practical Migration Considerations

Whether you're migrating from AWS to Azure, Azure to AWS, or choosing your first cloud platform, these practical considerations will help guide your decision‑making process.

Migration Assessment Tools

Before starting your migration journey, both AWS and Azure provide powerful assessment tools to help you understand your current infrastructure, estimate costs, and plan your migration strategy.

AWS Migration Hub

Centralized service to track migration progress across multiple AWS and partner solutions. Provides a single location to discover existing servers, plan migrations, and track application migrations.

Automated discovery of on‑premises resources
Application grouping and dependency mapping
Integration with AWS Application Migration Service
Real‑time migration status tracking
Learn more about AWS Migration Hub

Azure Migrate

Unified migration platform providing a hub of tools to assess and migrate servers, databases, web apps, and virtual desktops to Azure. Includes built‑in assessment and migration tools.

Agentless discovery for VMware, Hyper‑V, and physical servers
Azure readiness assessment with right‑sizing recommendations
Cost estimation with Azure Hybrid Benefit calculations
Database Assessment Tool for SQL Server migrations
Learn more about Azure Migrate

Pro Tip: Start your migration planning with these assessment tools even if you're months away from actual migration. They provide valuable insights into your infrastructure dependencies, potential issues, and accurate cost projections that can inform your business case and timeline.

Skills & Expertise

Your team's existing skills should heavily influence your choice. Training costs and productivity loss during transition can be significant.

Choose AWS if:

  • • Team has Linux/open‑source background
  • • Strong DevOps culture already established
  • • Need extensive third‑party integrations

Choose Azure if:

  • • Team experienced with Microsoft technologies
  • • Heavy use of .NET, Windows Server, or SQL Server
  • • Existing Microsoft enterprise agreements

Existing Infrastructure & Licensing

Consider your current investments and licensing agreements. Azure Hybrid Benefit can provide significant savings if you have existing Microsoft licenses.

💡 Pro Tip: If you're heavily invested in Microsoft 365, Active Directory, or have SQL Server licenses, Azure's integration and hybrid benefits can reduce total cost of ownership by 30‑40%.

Application Architecture

The complexity of your migration depends heavily on how tightly coupled your application is to cloud‑specific services.

Easy to Migrate

Containerised applications, standard databases, object storage

Moderate Complexity

Serverless functions, managed databases, message queues

Challenging to Migrate

Platform‑specific services like DynamoDB, Cosmos DB, proprietary APIs

Compliance & Data Residency

Both AWS and Azure offer comprehensive compliance certifications, but regional availability and specific compliance requirements may influence your choice.

For Australian Deployments:

  • AWS: Sydney and Melbourne regions with extensive service availability
  • Azure: Sydney, Melbourne, and Canberra regions with government cloud options
  • Both platforms are IRAP certified and meet Australian government requirements

Tooling & DevOps Integration

Consider how each platform integrates with your existing CI/CD pipelines and development tools.

AWS Strengths

  • • Extensive Terraform support
  • • Mature CloudFormation ecosystem
  • • Strong GitHub Actions integration
  • • AWS CDK for infrastructure as code

Azure Strengths

  • • Native Azure DevOps integration
  • • Bicep for cleaner IaC syntax
  • • Excellent Visual Studio integration
  • • Built‑in Azure Pipelines

Recommended Migration Approach

1

Assessment Phase

Audit your current architecture, identify dependencies, and map services to target platform equivalents

2

Proof of Concept

Build a small representative workload on the target platform to validate assumptions and identify challenges

3

Phased Migration

Migrate non‑critical workloads first, learn from the experience, then tackle production systems

4

Parallel Running

Run both platforms simultaneously during transition to ensure business continuity and enable rollback if needed

5

Optimisation

After migration, optimise for the new platform's strengths rather than maintaining old patterns

Final Thoughts

After working extensively with both platforms, I can confidently say that AWS and Azure are both excellent choices for modern cloud applications. The decision between them should be based on your specific context rather than trying to determine which is "better."

Key Takeaways

  • Both platforms are equally capable for most workloads with similar service offerings and global reach
  • Team skills matter more than platform features in determining success and productivity
  • Existing investments and licensing can significantly impact total cost of ownership
  • Migration complexity depends on architecture – loosely coupled systems migrate more easily
  • Multi‑cloud skills are valuable regardless of which platform you choose today

Whether you're planning a migration or choosing your first cloud platform, I hope this comparison has provided practical insights to guide your decision. Remember that the best cloud platform is the one that aligns with your team's skills, your organisation's existing investments, and your specific technical requirements.

Need help with your cloud strategy? Whether you're migrating between platforms or optimising your existing cloud infrastructure, I'd be happy to discuss your specific situation. Feel free to reach out through the contact section below.

Next Steps

Choosing between AWS and Azure is a strategic decision that impacts your organisation for years to come. The right choice depends on your specific requirements, existing infrastructure, and long-term goals.

Evaluate Your Requirements

Start by mapping your technical requirements, compliance needs, and existing technology investments. Consider both immediate needs and 3-5 year growth projections.

Run Proof of Concepts

Deploy pilot projects on both platforms to evaluate real-world performance, costs, and developer experience before making a full commitment.

Need Help with Your Cloud Strategy?

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